Basic English

A number of higher learning establishments are installing electronic data processing systems for the counting of educational data. Automatic translating machines, computer-based teaching devices and other different applications of computer technology are the things which help people in their life, work and study.

2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

A variety of things; the age of Automation; the highest stage; production processes; automatic control; electronic computations; computing techniques; program-controlled machine; presses the necessary button; educational data.

3. Translate into English:

1. Минулої зими я вперше в житті бачив сніг. 2. Я знаю Джона багато років. 3. Що ви вже вивчили з того часу як приїхали сюди навчатися? 4. Сподіваюся, ви вже познайомилися з багатьма цікавими людьми. 5. Ви багато мандруєте? Які країни ви вже відвідали? 6. Я бачив Тома вчора, а сьогодні я його не бачив. 7. Шляхи закрито. Сталася аварія. 8. Було тепло, тому я зняв пальто. 9. Кейт не була голодна, тому вона нічого не їла. 10. - Привіт! Ви що, тільки-но приїхали? 11. Дощ уже припинився? 12. Я написав листа, але ще не відправив його. 13. З Різдва стоїть гарна погода. 14. Мені завжди хотілося мандрувати різними країнами. 15. Два роки тому я відвідав Південну Африку.

4. Define which form of will or going to is correct in the following sentences:

1. - Oh! I've spilled coffee on my shirt. - Just a minute. I (get) a damp cloth for you. 2. - What do you want to be when you are grown up? - I (be) an astronaut. 3. Do you mind if turn the TV off? I (have) a long distance call, and it's hard to hear when the TV is on. 4. - Who wants to clean the board? Are there any volunteers?- I (do) it! 5. - Why do you have an eraser in your hand? - I (erase) the mistakes. 6. I think the weather (be) nice later. 7. Look at those black clouds. It (rain). 8. I feel terrible. I think I (be sick).

5. Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

Scientific and Technological Progress

The advantages of living in the twentieth century are clear to anyone who spends time in one of the world's highly developed nations. The disadvantages of modern life, however, are sometimes not so quickly seen. Consider the average man today in contrast with man 200 years ago. Without doubt, man's life has been eased considerably. Machines now perform for him many of the services that he previously had to do for himself. They cut his grass, wash his car, open and close his doors, walk for him, climb stairs for him, serve him coffee, and both put him to sleep and wake him up to music. In two major areas - transportation and communications- great progress has been made. Mass publishing practices have spread newspapers, magazines, and paperback book around the globe. Relayed across oceans by Telstar satellites, television informs and entertains people in every hemisphere. Mail moves swiftly and efficiently; telephone cables connect all continents. More than any other single invention, the gasoline engine has revolutionized modern life. City streets, clogged with automobile traffic tell us that. More recent discoveries have led to the surge of jet and supersonic plane travel. Even as man darts throughout the world, he is protected from disease as no man before him has been, and he can look forward to living a longer life than his grandfather did. Man now commands a more plentiful supply of the world's goods. He may own not only a car and a home but also a stove, a refrigerator, a washing machine, books, phonograph records and cameras. Even his old age is better provided for through pension and retirement plans offered by the government and by industry. Thus the advantages of living in the twentieth centuries are many.

6. Language work:

1) Natasha Morozova is having an interview. This is what she is saying about herself. Read the information and say about her using reported speech:

Model: She said that…

1. I live in this city.

2. I came here 3 years ago.

3. I graduated from university 5 years ago.

4. I have a degree in economics.

5. I like to work with people.

6. I'm going to change my present job, because it is not interesting.

7. I don't like when other people tell me what to do.

8. I want more responsibility.

9. I am interested in working with a good team and reliable people.

10. I will consider your offer and let you know about my decision.

2) Report the requests and commands using He asked me… or He told me…

1. `Post this letter immediately.'

2. `Send them the fax as soon as possible.'

3. `Please don't disturb me.'

4. `Please give me that English-Russian dictionary.'

5. `Don't go on the grass.'

6. `Don't prompt her.'

7. `Don't interfere with my work, please.'

8. `Please, do your own business.'

9. `Entertain the guests, please.'

10. `Don't make a mess of the job.'

Lesson 13

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

The Computer as a Communication Tool

Communicating by computer is almost as easy as punching the keys on a keyboard. Information is sent electronically from one computer-microcomputer, minicomputer, or mainframe-to another, either via telephone lines or through special cables and wires. What kinds of information can be sent? You name it: magazine articles, airline reservations, bank transactions, statistics, news reports, job listings, games, movie reviews, business correspondence, football scores, computer programs, personal messages, stock prices, medical records, graphic images, weather reports.

Advantages of computer communication:

Computer communication is playing an increasingly important role not only in offices but also in schools, hospitals, libraries, and homes. People are realizing that sending and receiving information electronically offers several advantages:

1. Fast, accurate, and direct exchange of information. Sending and receiving data electronically takes only a fraction of the time needed to send it by mail or messenger. And since the information goes directly to the receiver, the sender doesn't have to worry about lost packages or incorrectly addressed envelopes.

2. Rapid information processing. Computers can sort or search through huge amounts of information in a flash. Suppose you were a lawyer who needed a history of all court cases involving the theft of government secrets. How could you get the information? Well, you could go to a law library and search through the reference books. That might take you five hours. You could, instead, use a computer that is electronically linked to a special data bank of legal information. Using that method, you could obtain the information in less than an hour- and never even leave your law office.

2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Communicating by computer; punching the keys; through special cables; personal messages; increasingly important role; receiving data; a fraction of the time; messenger; directly to the receiver; amounts of information.

3. Find out which form-Past Simple, Past Continuous or Past Perfect are correct in the following sentences:

1. This house (build) in 1930. 2. A lot of money (steal) in the bank. 3. This room (clean) yesterday. 4. We (woke up) by a loud noise during the night. 5. Did you go to the party? No, I (invite). 6. How much money (steal)? 7. The roof of the building (damage) in a storm a few days ago. 8. (You, invite) to the wedding. Why didn't you go? 9. Originally the book (write) in Spanish and a few years ago (translate) into English. 10. The letter (post) a week ago and it (arrive) only yesterday.

4. Define which form of will or going to is correct in the following sentences:

1. Tom probably (arrive) at about 6 o'clock. 2. I think he (read) that book. 3. I think Ann (like) the present we bought for her. 4. - why are you turning off the TV-set? - I (watch) the news. 5. - Oh, I've just realized. I haven't got any money. - haven't you? Well, don't worry. I (lend) you some. 6. - I've got a headache. - Have you? Wait there and I (get) an aspirin for you. 7. - Why are you filling that bucket with water? - I (wash) the car.

5. Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

Computers

Student 1: Computers appeared in our country not long ago but today we may say that the age of computers has begun. First of all, computers let you access to a lot of information. And they let you communicate very quickly, by e-mail or using the Internet.

Student 2: They're a great help at offices because they can do jobs very quickly, for example sending out large numbers of letters or bills. You can access any information you need from the office using a modem. Large amounts of information can be stored on computer in a database.

Student 1: Do you know any other advantages of using computers?

Student 2: Yes. The best one, to my mind, is that computers make it possible to work from home. So they save us a lot of time.

Student 1: Really, computers are great thing. But what about disadvantages?

Student 2: First and foremost, computers can get viruses that can destroy the information stored in it.

Student 1: Software often has bugs, and sometimes computers crash. What is more, anyone can put information or images on the Internet, so it can be easily used by criminals to communicate with each other, or t send pornography (pictures, film, or writing that show sexual acts). There are no laws to stop this yet, and it is extremely difficult to police the Internet.

Student 2: I suppose, students shouldn't spent too much time working or playing on computers.

Student 1: Quite agree with you. Some children spend too much time playing computer games, which can be very dangerous.

Student 2: Thanks a lot. I think that despite some disadvantages computers are really the wonders of the world.

6. Language work:

1) Say in English the sentences using reported speech:

1. Він запитав мене, скільки мені років.

2. Він запитав мене, чи є в мене телефон.

3. Він запитав мене, чи живу я зі своїми батьками.

4. Він запитав мене, де я працюю.

5. Він запитав мене, скільки часу я працюю на цій фірмі.

6. Вона сказала, що раніше багато подорожувала.

7. Вона сказала, що хворіє вже 2 неділі.

8. Мама сказала, що Аня приїжджає о 3 годині.

9. Вона запитала мене, о я робила в той час.

10. Я сказала, що в той час я зайнята. Я роблю домашнє завдання.

2) Say the sentences in English using embedded questions:

1. Чи не скажете, котра година?

2. Цікаво, де він був вчора.

3. Ви не знаєте, відмінили збори?

4. Скажіть, будь ласка, о котрій годині відправляється наступний потяг.

5. Цікаво, банк відчинений у неділю?

6. Ви не знаєте, він прийде на збори?

7. Чи не можете ви сказати, які питання будуть обговорюватися на зборах?

8. Цікаво, як ви отримали цю інформацію.

9. Цікаво, як вона проживає в цій країні?

10. Вибачте,я не знаю де знаходиться ця вулиця.

Lesson 14

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Electronic Mail

Did you ever have to go out in the rain to mail a letter that couldn't wait? Have you ever received a letter weeks late because it had been mysteriously `lost' in the mail? If so, you will be very happy to know that electronic mail is here.

What exactly is electronic mail? It's just what you'd imagine: the sending of messages electronically by computer. Here's how it works.

Suppose that you are a subscriber to the Source of CompuServe. You have ten friends who subscribe as well. A few months ago, you lent one of these friends a record. You want the record back, but you can't remember who has it. Using a microcomputer and a modem, you plug into the information service's network of subscribers. Once you are on-line, you send the same message to all ten of your friends.

Your message is stored in your friends' `electronic mailboxes'. These mailboxes are nothing like those that are used by the U.S. Postal Service. They are simply storage locations in the information service's computer system. When your friends come on-line, they will check to see if they have any mail. When they do, your message will appear on the screen.

Not all electronic mail delivery is tied to an information service like The Source or CompuServe. In fact, organizations already exist that specialize in delivering electronic mail. MCI Mail and EasyLink are two examples. Subscribers to these electronic-mail services can send messages around the world on their computer. In addition, the addressee doesn't even need a computer to receive mail through one of these services. Both will transmit a letter most of the distance electronically, then print and send it the rest of the distance either by mail or by courier.

2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Electronic mail; sending of messages electronically; subscriber; the record back; a modem; network of subscribers; electronic mailboxes; storage locations; come on-line; transmit a letter.

3. Find out which form-Present Continuous or Present Simple are correct in the following sentences:

1. When he was young, Ron (bring) up by his grandparents. 2. While I was on holiday, my camera (steal). 3. Where (these photographs, take)? 4.All fights (cancel) because of fog. 5. I (accused) of stealing money. 6. I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation. I didn't realize our conversation (record). 7. When we entered the classroom the test (write) by the students. 8. When we got to the stadium, we found that the game (cancel).

4. Define which form of will or going to is correct in the following sentences:

1. I (go) to a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come too? 2. I think Jane (get) the job. She has a lot of experience. 3. I can't meet you this evening. A friend of mine (come) to see me. 4. - Have you decided where to go for your holiday? - Yes, we (visit) Italy. 5. There's no need to be afraid of the dog. It (hurt) you. 6. Don't worry about your exam. I'm sure you (pass) it. 7. Why don't you try on this jacket? It (look) nice on you. 8. You must meet Ann sometimes. I think you (like) her. 9. It's raining. Don't go out. You (get) wet. 10. I wonder what (happen).

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