Basic English

З ким їм доводиться переписуватись?

Хіба їм не доводиться переписуватись з багатьма фірмами?

d) I'll have to change my plans.

Вам доведеться змінити плани.

Що вам доведеться зробити?

Вам доведеться змінити плани, чи не так?

Хіба вам не доведеться змінити плани?

Lesson 6

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Formatting a Document

Before you print your document, you can choose how you want it to look on a paper. This is called a formatting. Some word-processing programs ask you to do this before you start writing. Others wait until you are ready to print your document and then give you a list of choices. The instructions that you use to tell the computer how to print your document are called formatting commands.

What are some of the choices that you have for formatting text? Most word-processing programs allow you to adjust the line spacing on your document. That means that you can select the amount of empty space between printed lines. You can print your document using either single-spaced or double-spaced text.

Some word-processing programs have a formatting command that prints justified lines. Justified lines form straight margins on both sides of paper.

Printing a document

Your word processor and printer work together to carry out formatting commands. Some printers are capable o performing more formatting functions than others. For example, your word-processing program may allow you to print italic type, but if your printer can't produce italic type, the command is useless. The reverse is also true. A printer can't produce italic type if it's hooked up to word-processing program that won't allow it.

2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

How you want it to look; formatting; start writing; a list of choices; formatting commands; word-processing programs; select the amount; printed lines; justified lines; formatting functions.

3. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Будь ласка, не гомоніть так голосно. Я намагаюся зосередитися. 2. Мої друзі будують дім. Я намагаюся допомогти їм. 3.-Джон працює цього тижня, - Ні, він у відпустці. 4. Ідемо на вулицю. Дощ уже припинився. 5. Вам сподобалася ця вечірка? 6. - Де Кріс? - Він приймає ванну. 7. - Ти сьогодні так напружено працюєш. - Так, у мене багато роботи. 8. Зазвичай я слухаю музику вечорами. 9. Він постійно губить свої окуляри. 10. Що ти робиш? 11. Я вважаю, він добра людина. 12. У нього є машина. 13. Він грає в теніс тричі на тиждень. 14. Ті квіти гарно пахнуть. 15. Я бачу метелика. А ти бачиш його?

4. Find out which form Past Simple or Past Perfect is correct in the following sentences:

1. By the time we got to the cinema the film (already, begin). 2. Yesterday I (see) Tom. I (not, see) him for six years. 3. I felt very tired when I got home, so I (go) straight to bed. 4. The house was quiet when they came. All children (go) to bed. 5. Sorry, I am late. My car (break down) on my way here. 6. I (try) to phone Ann in the morning, but she (already, go out). 7. I (meet) Jim two days ago. He (just, come back) from holiday. 8. After we (discuss) it on the phone, I (write) him a letter about it.

5. Read and translate the dialogue and use it in your own speech:

Mass Media

A Serious Discussion

-Don't you think advertisements sometimes cause people to buy things they don't need? Those who write them are so clever! They persuade us to buy a new washing machine or a new fridge to keep up with the neighbors.

-You are quite right. Some advertisers do make use of social snobbery. But they mustn't be blamed for that. I've known people who've bought a thing just because they've seen that their neighbors have one.

-You know I never buy widely advertised brands. They are more expensive. Goods could be much cheaper if the advertising costs were cut down.

-I'm not sure that's always true. Advertising results in higher sales and the manufacturers may be able to use mass production. That usually means lower prices and cheaper goods.

-Won't there be mass production anyway if the article is something that everybody needs?

-Cars are mass produced. Still the car manufacturers spend millions on advertising.

-That's because there's so much competition. If there were only one company producing cars, advertising would be unnecessary and the cost could be saved.

-That raises quite a different question-whether the competition serves any useful purpose. We'd better not start discussing that.

6. Language work: Say the sentences using can or could in requests. Use the words given bellow. Translate the sentences:

1) Lend lift ask come bring borrow name cope give trim put out explain give let borrow collect ask carry do fix

1. …you… my luggage, please?

2. …you… me a favor?

3. …you…your cigarette, please?

4. …you… me this question again, please?

5. …you… me some money?

6. …you… to me how to fill in this form, please?

7. …you… me have a day of tomorrow, please?

8. …you… my dress from the cleaner's?

9. ...you just… my hair at the back?

10. …I… a book to read?

11. …you…for lunch on Saturday?

12. …I…your calculator - I left mine at home.

13. …you… the door?

14. …I…my dog? She's well-behaved.

15. …you… me some advice?

16. …you… the next patient to come in, please?

17. …you… me a description of your attacker?

18. …your hospitals… with major obstacles like a train crash?

19. …you… the actress who starred in `Gone with the wind'?

20. …you… this box?

2) Say the sentences in English using can or could after the verbs of perception: see (in the meaning of understand), hear, understand, feel, taste, smell.

1. Том не бачить нічого без окулярів.

2. Я не пам'ятаю, скільки це коштує.

3. Я чула, що вона сперечалася, розмовляючи з кимось по телефону.

4. Ти не розумієш цей фільм, тому що ти не достатньо дорослий.

5. Ми чули кроки в коридорі.

6. Я розумію, чому він не подобається людям.

7. Я відчуваю цвях в черевику.

8. Я відчуваю, щось горить.

9. Ти відчуваєш щось дивне в цьому супі?

10. Якщо ви сильно застудились, ви нічого не відчуваєте на смак.

Lesson 7

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Special Word-Processing Features

Most word-processing programs allow to create, edit, format, print, and save document. Some of them also allow you to perform more complex functions. The following are two examples of the sophisticated features that some programs have.

Spelling Checkers

Some word-processing programs come with a spelling checker. A spelling checker works with a word-processing program to find misspelled words in your document. It does this by matching each word in your document with a list of words that have been programmed into its memory. This list is usually called a dictionary, but the name is misleading. Spelling checkers have no way of knowing what a word means. Their `dictionaries' are simply lists of properly spelled words.

When a spelling checker finds a word that does not match any of the words in its dictionary, it displays this word. Then you decide whether to change it or, if it is spelled correctly, add it to the spelling checker's dictionary. This is often necessary, since the dictionary does not contain every word you will want to use. Unusual words, technical terms, and proper names will usually need to be added to the dictionary.

While a spelling checker can help you with your writing, it is not a substitute for good language skills. Because it only matches combinations of letters, a spelling checker cannot determine whether you are using words correctly. For example if you use too in a sentence that requires two, a spelling checker will not detect the error because too is spelled correctly.

If you are typing the sentence `I wish I were at the beach' and you make a mistake and type `I fish I were at the beach', the spelling checker will not detect the error, since fish is properly spelled.

2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

To create; save document; complex functions; sophisticated; spelling checker; misleading; properly spelled words; spelled correctly; technical terms; substitute.

3. Find out which form-Present Continuous or Present Perfect are correct in the following sentences:

1. I (not, attend) any parties since I came here. 2. Try not to be absent from class again for the term. You (already, miss) too many classes. You (miss) two classes just last week. 3. Last December, I (see) snow for the first time in my life. 4. In her whole lifetime, Anna (never, see) snow. 5. I (know) Nick for ten years. 6. So far this week I (have) a quiz and two tests. 7. Up to now, Professor Higgins (give) our class five tests. 8. What (lean, you) since you (come) here? 9. How many new friends (you, make)? 10. I hope you (already, meet) a lot of interesting people.

4. Find out which form Past Simple or Past Perfect is correct in the following sentences:

1. They (look) the gates before I (get) there. 2. By the time we (arrive) to the party, it (finish). 3. I (ring) at the shop as soon as I (check) the contents of the box. 4. We (have) a good rest when our guests all (leave). 5. When he (ring) to the office this morning, Ann (already, leave). 6. We've had to wait two hours at the airport because the bad weather (delay) all the flights. 7. They missed their train, so by the time they reached the theater, the play (end) and they (leave) the theater. 8. At the end of their meal they found that they couldn't pay the bill because they (not, bring) money with them. 9. When I came out of the cinema I (find) that a thief (take) my car radio. 10. When a film star came into the restaurant I (not, recognize) her because I (not see) any of her films.

5. Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

Ukraine

Ukraine is situated in the east of the European continent. It is bordered by the Black sea and the Sea of Azov. The total area of Ukraine is 603,700 square kilometers. The country is known for its mild climate and attractive scenery, with numerous lakes, rivers, the forested Carpathian mountains in the west and the Crimean Mountains in the South.

Ukraine is rich in mineral resources such as iron ore, manganese ore and coal. Agriculture is also extremely important. Grain, industrial crops (maize, sunflower, and sugar beet), potatoes, fruit and vegetables are produced. There are a lot of enterprises in the fields of engineering, metal working, chemical engineering coal mining, fuel production, light, and food industries. Diesel locomotives, sea-going ships, aircraft, buses, television sets, microscopes, computers and many other commodities are produced in Ukraine.

The population of the country is about 50 million, some 65% of whom live in the cities. The country is divided into 24 regions. The Autonomous Republic of Crimea is an integral part of Ukraine. The capital city is Kyiv.

The Supreme Council of Ukraine passed the Act of Proclamation of Independence of Ukraine on August 24, 1991. The Constitution of Ukraine was adopted by the Supreme Council in June 1996. The Ukrainian currency, the hryvnya, was introduced in September 1996.

Our country is a member of the United Nations and its representatives are active in the work of UNESCO (United Nation Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) and other international organizations.

6. Language work: Say the sentences using to be able to or to be unable in the correct form. Use the words from the box. Translate the sentences:

1) Walk think rent reach help look come describe attend have finish come walk carry do come and pick work improve write sleep

1. My hands were shaking so much that I … … my name on the exam paper.

2. She… … this computer program next month.

3. He lay awake all night ….

4. … you …these bags on your own?

5. I ……. Faster because I was too tired.

6. She … … tonight she had an accident on the way home.

7. Fortunately, she … … her attacker in great detail.

8. I … … the report in a week.

9. Three weeks after the accident, she … … even exercises in the gym.

10. As senior students, we … … some university classes.

11. Unfortunately, Tina … … children.

12. Unfortunately, I … … them.

13. I'm afraid I … … to the meeting after all.

14. Many passengers … … the lifeboats in time.

15. I'm afraid that I … … on Friday.

16. That's fine. I … … at the station.

17. In the end, we … … a suitable office near the Central Station.

18. Now I've got an extra weekend, I ……. At the proposal in more detail.

19. I … … of anything.

20. Greg … … since he was injured in a riding accident.

2) Say the sentences in English using may to express permission or polite requests:

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