Basic English

4. … we dine out together?

5. … we get ready for classes together?

6. What document … we … to rent a flat in your country?

7. She … to work harder.

8. You … \not\to take a lot of things when you go on holidays.

9. …. I open the window?

10. You …\not\to do any homework for Monday.

11. I … stop a minute, just to get my breath back.

12. … I make a copy for you?

13. You … to be on your guard at the airport. There are a lot of pickpockets around.

14. The cat looks as if it … goes to the vet.

15. … the boy wait?

Lesson 10

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Setting Up a DBMS (Data-Base-Management-System)

Now that you know the advantages of electronic files, let's set up a database management system in order to learn how one works. Assume that you are in charge of your school's video library. You have access to a microcomputer and are interested in computerizing your ever-expanding catalogue. Since you already have a data base -a title and a subject card catalogue-you have a good idea of the information that people want and how they can best find it. After consulting with the computer lab instructor, you buy a DBMS. You're ready to begin.

Before turning to the computer, you review the documentation that accompanies the program and become familiar with the terminology, or jargon, of a DBMS. You learn three important words: field, record, and file.

Field. A field is a single category of information in your data base. It can be made up of numbers, letters, or a combination of numbers and letters. You look at a catalogue card in your current data base and identify 11 fields, including type of movie, movie title, and call number.

Record. A record is a collection of fields. Each catalogue card with all its entries about a single movie is a record. Since your catalogue currently consists of title and subject cards, you have two records for each movie listed in your data base.

File. A file is a collection of related records. Your subject catalogue is one file; your title catalogue is another. Your DBMS will eliminate duplicate records and combine the two files.

2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Advantages; electronic files; assume; interested in computerizing; consulting with the computer; terminology; your current data base; entries; related records; eliminate duplicate records.

3. Find out which form-Past Simple or Present Perfect are correct in the following sentences:

1. Where's your key? I don't know. I (lose) it. 2. He (tell) me his name yesterday but I (forget) it. 3. Is Kathy here? No, she (go out). 4. I can't find my bag. (You, see) it? 5. Ow! I (cut) my finger. It's bleeding. 6. The road is closed. There( be) an accident. 7. The police (arrest) two men in connection with the robbery. 8. It was warm, so I (take off) my coat. 9. The food wasn't very good. I (not, enjoy) it very much. 10. I knew Sarah was very busy, so I (not, disturb) her.

4. Translate into English:

1. До того часу, як ми дісталися Бена, вечірка вже скінчилася. 2. Коли я вийшов з кіно, то виявив, що злодій украв мій радіоприймач у машині. 3. Коли кінозірка увійшла до ресторану, я її не впізнав, тому що не бачив фільмів з її участю. 4. Я не був голодний, тому що добре поснідав. 5. Після того як ми оглянули багато визначних місць, ми відчули себе трохи стомленими. 6. До того часу, як я дістався додому, мої батьки вже повечеряли.

5. Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

English-speaking countries

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:

Location: The British Isles; area: 244,100 sq. km.; population: over 55 mln.; capital: London; largest cities: London, Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester , Glasgow; Highest point: Ben Nevis 1, 343 m.; longest river: The Severn 350 km.; main languages: English; government: Parliamentary Monarchy.

The United States of America:

Location: the central North America; area: 9,364,000 sq. km.; population: over 260 mln.; capital: Washington; largest cities: New York, Los Angeles, Detroit, Chicago, Boston.; highest point: Mount McKinley 6,194 m.; longest river: the Mississippi 5,900 km.; main languages: English; government: Federal Republic of 50 states.

Canada:

Location: North America; area: 9,922,230 sq. km.; population: over 27 mln.; capital: Ottawa; largest cities: Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver; highest point: Mount Logan 6, 050 m.; longest river: the Mackenzie 3,800 km; main languages: English, French; government: Federal Union of 10 provinces and 2 territories.

Australia:

Location: the Island continent of Australia; area: 7,688,884 sq. km; population: over 20 mln; capital: Canberra; largest cities: Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane; highest point: Mount Kosciusko 2,280 m; longest river: the Murray (with the Darling 3, 750) km; main languages: English; government: Federal Union of 6 states and 2 territories.

6. Language work:

1) Giving or asking for advice say what people should or shouldn't do. Use the words given bellow. Translate the sentences:

Take impose be visit be reported do avoid take worry leave do go work try be be late be neat tell come stay

1. You …in bed too late.

2. You … always on time.

3. You … for classes.

4. You … a taxi if you're late.

5. You … clean and tidy.

6. You … tactful.

7. You … stupid things.

8. You … lies.

9. You … to bed early if you're feeling tired.

10. You … so much. Everything will be alright.

11. You … as hard as possible.

12. You … to do your best t become a good specialist.

13. You … a chance to travel while you're still young.

14. You … making up your mind before you know all the facts.

15. You … your children alone at home.

16. He … his parents more often.

17. All accidents … to the health and Safety officers.

18. The drug … during pregnancy.

19. What … I … if the baby starts crying?

20. The courts … tougher punishment on offenders.

2) Say the sentences using ought to for moral obligation:

1. If your friend is in trouble, you … help her.

2. If your friend is ill, you … visit her very often.

3. If you see a beggar, you … give him some coins.

4. If the child is asleep, you…\not\ make a noise.

5. It's too late. The children … be in bed.

6. It's your sister's birthday. We … send her a present.

7. You … not \ speak too loudly in public.

8. You … not \ be lazy when everybody is working hard.

9. You … not \ smoke in the room when somebody is in.

10. I think you were very rude and you … apologize.

11. Do you think we … get permission before we do it?

12. The government … spend more money on education.

13. We … not \ use animals for experiments.

14. The doctor told Dan he … exercise more.

15. She … not \ drive if she's been drinking.

Lesson 11

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Using Databases

Imagine getting the information you need by simply entering command or type on your computer keyboard. Many people do this. They use data-base management system-special software developed for record keeping-to create electronic files. Then the computer does all the work of sorting through the files to retrieve specific information. Data are facts or figures. A data base is a source of facts and figures-it is a collection of related information. A telephone directory is a data base. So is a dictionary… and a television program guide. These collection all differ from one another in both content and format.

Characteristics of a good data base:

A useful data base has four important characteristics.

The more complete a data base is, the more likely it is to have the information that you need. For example you'll find Dave Winfield's batting average only if you have his baseball card. You'll be able to check your friend Jan's telephone number only if you've listed it in your address book.

You might organize facts alphabetically, chronologically, or by topic. How you organize your data base depends on both its content and its intended use. The more structured your data base is the easier it is to find information.

2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Getting the information; simply entering command; keyboard; record keeping; sorting through the files; retrieve specific information; a source of facts; related information; content; format.

3. Find out which form-Present Continuous or Present Simple are correct in the following sentences:

1. I was very tired, so I (go) to bed early. 2. The bed was very uncomfortable. I (not, sleep) very well. 3. Sue wasn't very hungry, so she (not, eat) anything. 4. We went to Kate's house but she (not, be) at home. 5. -Would you like something to eat? -No, thanks. I (just, have) lunch. 6. Hello! (You, just arrive)? 7. -Don't forget to post the letter, will you? -I (already, post) it. 8. -What time is Mark leaving? - He (already go). 9. (It, stop) raining yet? 10. I (write) the letter but I (not, post) it yet.

4. Define which form of will or going to is correct in the following sentences:

1. Sue (graduate) soon. After that she (begin) to work at an electronics company. 2. Fred (be) at the meeting tomorrow. I think Jane (come) too. 3. - Can you give John a message for me? - Sure. I (see, probably) him at the meeting this evening. 4. The damage we do to our environment today (affect) the quality of life of future generations. 5. - Mr. Andrews (not, be) here next term. He has resigned. - Who (be) the new teacher? Do you know? - Yes. Mary Jefferson. Ms. Jefferson (teach) the same courses Mr. Andrews taught German, physics, and geometry. 6. I (be) in her geometry class. Do you know which algebra class you (be) in next term? 7. This letter is in French, and I don't speak a word in French. Can you help me? - Sure. I (translate) it for you. 8. Do you want to go shopping with me? I (go) to the shopping center. 9. - his light doesn't work. The bulb s probably burned out. Where are the new light bulbs? 10. It's really cold in here. My nose is cold and my fingers are cold too. I (make) a hot cup of tea.

5. Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

Great Britain

Great Britain is the heart of the British Commonwealth of Nations. Great Britain has ranked among the leading nations of the world for more than 500 years. The British people have been leaders in many fields - in science, exploration, government, and arts. The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The island of Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales. Northern Ireland, which covers about one fifth of Ireland also is a part of the United kingdom. London is the capital and largest city.

The face of the land varies from one part of the country to another. Great manufacturing cities and thriving farms lie on the green plains of England. Deposits of coal and other valuable minerals are mined in the steep hills and mountains of Wales. The Scottish Lowlands support manufacturing and shipbuilding industries. The low grasslands and mild climate of Northern Ireland provide excellent grazing for livestock.

Great Britain became a world power about 250 years ago, when England was united with Scotland and Wales, but the British people have many traditions that go back thousands of years. They are deeply devoted to the Royal family and their form of government.

6. Language work.

1) Say the sentences using modal verbs in the past actions.

1. He may… not to come. (decide)

2. I might … the keys in the office. (leave)

3. There must … 10 of them in the car. (be)

4. There should … you your money back long ago. (give)

5. I'm sorry, I shouldn't … at you. (shout)

6. They ought … the police when it happened. (call)

7. Yes, I know. I should … more time studying. (spend)

8. We shouldn't … such a big car. (buy)

9. I shouldn't … him of lying. (accuse)

10. He really should … you - though to be fair he's been very busy. (call)

11. The windows needn't … today. (clean)

12. We shouldn't … those shares. (sell)

13. This information should … to the tax authorities two years ago. (give)

14. I shouldn't … such a valuable air ticket.

15. Someone could … mu money. (steal)

2) Translate from Russian into English using modal verbs:

1. Він повинен підготувати рахунок до наступного понеділка?

2. Чи повинна я сидіти в готелі весь час?

3. Це, мабуть, важка задача.

4. Ти мусиш написати їй хорошого листа.

5. Чи дійсно мені погодитися з цією пропозицією?

6. Хіба ти не мусиш інколи навідувати своїх старих батьків?

7. Що ж мені робити? Яким чином я повинна прийняти участь в цій справі?

8. О котрій годині повинен прибути автобус з Ліверпуля?

9. Вам не потрібно йти туди зараз.

10. Я змушений був економити гроші, щоб заплатити за своє навчання.

Lesson 12

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Electronics Helps Men

Our age has been called a variety of things: the Space Age, the Electronic Age, the Atomic Age, etc. One of them, however, is very exact and that is the age of Automation.

Automation is considered to be the highest stage in the development of technology. It has made the development of rocket production and nuclear industry possible. Automation is known to be very effective in continuous cycle production rolled stock production and operation of thermal and hydropower plants. Automation of production processes is impossible without automatic control; the required machines based on electronic computations. Electronic computing techniques find broad application in many spheres and are a basis for the development of modern program-controlled machine tools and the controlling of spaceship flights. The following can be given as examples of how electronics helps man.

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