Английский язык для экономических специальностей (English for economists)

3. Give Russian equivalents to:

direct sale from manufacturer to consumer; durable equipment; consumer specialties; household needs; direct marketing by mail; usual trading area; high-priced items; mail-order divisions; also carving its own niche; for resale; to call for a lower margin of profit; to undergo even more change; self-service;have drastically changed; warehouse retailing; higher-priced consumer goods; to fill multiple needs.

4. Compose the questions, using the following words:

products, are, what, by direct sale, marketed?

it, who, easy, to shop by catalog, finds'?

have, what, relatively, it, easy, by mail or telephone, made, to purchase?

leading corporations, have, how many, mail-order-divisions?

television, why, is, direct marketing, a potent tool, in?

is, telemarketing, what?

grown, why, so large, some retail business, have?

wholesalers, how, to this trend, did, first, respond?

undergone, even more change, has, retailing?

become, more recently, has, a major means of retailing higher-priced consumer goods, what?

III. Grammar Exercises

Active Voice

5. Read the sentences with adverbs of frequency

Read the same in the 3rd person singular.

6. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the different usage of Perfect Tenses:

Economic monopolies have existed throughout much of human history.

The success of specialized marketing developments has caused many older organizations to revise their operating methods.

Keynes's ideas have profoundly influenced the economic policies of many governments since World War II.

The Titanic had already gone down when another ship arrived.

Some passengers had been in the icy water for hours when they were saved.

When another ship arrived, about 1500 people had already lost their lives.

Ecological concerns will have affected product design and marketing.

By the end of the year the company will have signed this contract.

Who will have finished first?

How much will they have won?

7. A manager went away on business. He left of things to be done. He is back now. Arrange a conversation between him and one of his employees. Study the list. Follow the model.

The list of things to be done:

1. Contact the joint-stock company P-A.

2. Send a telex to Lamberton Robotics.

3. Telephone Mr. Green.

4. Sign the contract for the delivery of equipment.

5. Take the customer's representatives to the plant.

6. Take part in the talks with the British customer.

Model:

A. Have you telephoned Mr. Green?

B. Yes, I have.

A. When did you telephone him?

B. I telephoned him last week.

A. That's good /fine/ O.K.

Use of the verb «let».

8. Complete the sentences:

1. Let's increase...

2. Let me determine...

3. Let me supervise...

4. Let her discuss...

5. Let the wholesalers...

6. Let the small retailers...

9. Translate the following sentences:

1. When he comes to the office he will call the company.

2. We'll get in touch with them as soon as the goods are delivered.

3. We will clear up the point before he leaves.

4. He couldn't come to the lecture because he was ill.

5. He walked slowly for he was not in a hurry.

6. As there were no more questions the chairman thanked the reporter for his interesting report.

7. They thought that the bell had rung.

10. Form nouns with the help of the suffixes:

-ant: to emigrate, to dominate, to consult, to participate, to account.

-ese: China, Japan, Sudan.

- ian|-an: statistics, Russia, America, Hungary, Bulgaria, Brazil.

11. Translate English jokes:

A famous Hungarian physicist had just finished reading his scientific paper. It was the first time he had ever made a report in English. After he had finished an American physicist came up to him.

«Say, in what language did you read your paper?»

«Didn't you understand that?»

«Well, yes, of course. But why did you put in so many English words?»

12. Read the text and retell the contents in Russian

Text. Territorial and Administrative Division of Government in the United Kingdom

In Great Britain the county, or shire, is the principal subdivision of the country for political, administrative, judicial, and other purposes. Counties are used in England and Wales but have been replaced by other administrative units in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

Before the Norman Conquest of the 11th century, the chief unit of local government in England was the shire, which had originated in the Saxon communities of the 5th century. Each shire was ruled by an ealdorman (alderman), but after the 11th century his functions were taken over by the shire-reeve, or sheriff, who was appointed by the king. By the 14th century a county court, composed of several justices of the peace, or magistrates, had developed to help the sheriff administer the county. Over the centuries these crown-appointed magistrates gradually became the primary administrators of counties. Each county also became the constituency for the elections of knights of the shire, or county members of Parliament.

This system of county government, with centrally appointed justices of the peace holding legislative, judicial, and executive powers, became inadequate in the 19th century as the suffrage was extended, government services expanded, and industrial cities continued to grow. To remedy this undemocratic system, the Local Government Act of 1888 established county councils, with members elected by local residents, to take over the legislative and executive duties of the magistrates. The act also replaced the historic counties with new administrative counties, which often had different boundaries. The act also created about 60 county boroughs; these were cities that were given county powers in order to better provide local government services.

The Local Government Act of 1972 reorganized the county system again; 47 new counties contained all urban as well as rural areas in their boundaries, and each county was subdivided into several districts, which numbered almost 300 in all. A British county provides police and fire services, education, social-welfare services, public transport, traffic regulation, consumer protection, libraries, and some highways and parks. The county council is the general governing board of a county; it is a large body, with 50 to 100 popularly elected members, and much of its basic administrative work is delegated to committees.

Outside the United Kingdom, the system of county government was adopted, with variations, in most of the countries settled from Britain. In Canada, however, the county system never became universal; where it exists, the county councils are generally much smaller than in England. New Zealand has had county councils since 1876. In Australia the administrative unit is generally called the shire, though the name county is used for larger areas.

(From the Encyclopaedia)

Unit 7

Grammar: 1. Participle I (Present Participle Active).

2. Continuous Tenses.

3. Безличные предложения с местоимением it.

4. Особые случаи образования множественного числа существительных.

Production management's responsibilities are summarized by the "five M's": men, machines, methods, materials, and money. "Men" refers to the human element in operating systems. Since the vast majority of manufacturing personnel work in the physical production of goods, "people management" is one of the production manager's most important responsibilities.

The production manager must also choose the machines and methods of the company, first selecting the equipment and technology to be used in the manufacture of the product or service and then planning and controlling the methods and procedures for their use. The flexibility of the production process and the ability of workers to adapt to equipment and schedules are important issues in this phase of production management.

The production manager's responsibility for materials includes the management of flow processes-both physical (raw materials) and information (paperwork). The smoothness of resource movement and data flow is determined largely by the fundamental choices made in the design of the product and in the process to be used.

The manager's, concern for money is explained by the importance of financing and asset utilization to most manufacturing organizations. A manager who allows excessive inventories to build up or who achieves level production and steady operation by sacrificing good customer service and timely delivery runs the risk that overinvestment or high current costs will wipe out any temporary competitive advantage that might have been obtained.

II. Exercises on the Text:

3. Give English equivalents to:

подобная по уровню и объему; человеческие ресурсы и управление финансовой деятельностью; вопросы, включающие производственные мощности и качество; ответственность за управление произ-водством; подавляющее большинство; «взаимоотношения с людьми»; методы и действия для их использования; гиб-кость производственного процесса; как физические, так и информационные; плавность движения ресурсов и посту-пления данных; временное конкурентное преимущество.

4. Answer the following questions:

What is operations management?

What does production management include in manufacturing operations?

What are the «five M's»?

Why is «people management» one of the production manager's most important responsibilities?

How must the production manager choose the machines and methods of the company?

In what phase of production management the flexibility of the production process is an important issue?

What does the production manager's responsibility for materials include?

How is the manager's concern for money explained?

What manager runs the risk?

Will high current costs wipe out any temporary competitive advantage?