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Food

p> A third is that as a result of nationwide health campaigns, Americans in general are eating a much light diet. Cereals and grain foods, fruit and vegetables, fish and salads are emphasized instead of heavy and sweet foods. Finally, there is the international trend to “fast food” chains which sell pizza, hamburgers, Mexican foods, chicken, salads and sandwiches, seafoods and

various ice creams. While many Americans and many other people resent this trend and while, as many be expected, restaurants also dislike it, many young, middle-aged, and old people, both rich and poor, continue to buy and eat fast foods.

Hot Dogs.[12]

Tad Dorgan, a sports cartoonist, gave the frankfurter its nickname in
1906. Munching on a frank at a baseball game, he concluded that it resembled a dachshund’s body and put that whimsy into a drawing, which he captioned “Hot dog”.

Sausages go all the way back to ancient Babylon, but the hot dog was brought to the U.S.A. shortly before the Civil War by a real Frankfurter –
Charles Feltman, a native of Frankfurt, Germany, who opened a stand in New
York and sold grilled sausages on warmed rolls – first for a dime apiece, later, a nickel.

The frank appealed to busy Americans, who – as an early 19th century comment put it – tend to live by the maxim of “gobble, gulp and go”.
Nowadays Americans consume more than 12 billion frankfurters a year.

Hamburgers.12

Modern hamburgers on a bun were first served at the St. Louis Fair in
1904, but Americans really began eating them in quantity in the 1920s, when the White Castle snack bar chain featured a small, square patty at a very low price. Chopped beef, tasty and easily prepared, quickly caught on as family fare, and today hamburger stands, drive-ins, and burger chains offer
Americans their favorite hot sandwich at every turn.

The history of the hamburger dates back to medieval Europe. A Tartar dish of shredded raw beef seasoned with salt and onion juice was brought from Russia to Germany by early German sailors. The lightly broiled German chopped-beef cake, with pickles and pumpernickel on the side, was introduced to America in the early 1800s by German immigrants in the
Midwest.

Doughnuts.12

It was early Dutch settlers and the Pennsylvania Germans who introduced the yeasty, deep-fried doughnut to America. To the Dutch it was a festive food, eaten for breakfast on Shrove Sunday.

Legend has it that doughnut got its hole in 1847 when Hanson Gregory, a lad later to become a sea captain, complained to his mother that her fried cakes were raw in the center and poked hole4s in the next batch before they were cooked.

During World War I, when the Salvation Army served them to the troops, doughnuts really took off as popular fare. Since then, coffee and doughnuts become a national institution. Stores sell them plain, sugared, frosted, honey-dipped, or jam-filled.

Apple pie[13]

At its best, with a savory filling and crisp, light-brown crust, apple pie has long been favorite on American tables.

Apples and apple seems were among the precious supplies the early colonists brought to the New World. The first large apple orchards were planted near Boston by William Blaxton in the 1600s. When he moved to Rhode
Island in 1635, he developed the tart Rhode Island Greening, still considered one of America’s finest apple pies.

As the fruit became abundant, many settlers ate apple pie at every meal.
Garnished with a chunk of cheese, it was a favorite colonial breakfast dish. By the 18th century apple pie became so popular that Yale College in
New Haven served it every night at supper for more than 100 years.

America’s love affair with apple pie has remained constant. Today’s housewives, pressed for time, can shortcut the tradition by buying the pastry ready-made at bakeries and supermarkets. Many variation on the good old original are available, but the classical apple pie, irresistible when topped with a slice of rat-trap cheese or slathered with vanilla ice cream, is still America’s favorite.

Potato chips.13

George Crumb, an American Indian who was the chef at Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York, in the mid-19th century, was irked when a

finicky dinner guest kept sending back his French fried potatoes, complaining they were too thick. In exasperation, Crumb shaved the potatoes into tissue-thin slice and deep-fried them in oil. He had a dishful of crisp “Saratoga chips” presented to the guest, who was delighted with the new treat.

Potato chips became the specialty of Moon’s Lake House and, later,
America’s crunchiest between-meal snack.

Coca-Cola.14

America’s best known soft drink was first concocted by an Atlanta pharmacist in 1886. The syrup was cooked up by John S. Pemberton from extracts of coca leaves and the kola nut. He then organized the Pemberton
Chemical Company, and Coca-Cola syrup mixed with plain water was sold in a local drug-store for 5 cents a glass.

Sales were slow until in 1887 a prosperous Atlanta druggist, Asa G.
Candler, bought the Coca-Cola formula – then as now a carefully guarded secret – and added carbonate water to the syrup instead of plain water.

Advertisement stressing the words “delicious” and “refreshing” and carry coupons for free Coca-Cola added to the increase in consumption. A system of independent local bottling companies was developed, and the flared bottle, familiar worldwide and said to resemble the hobble skirt, was designed in 1916.

In 1919 the company was sold out for $25 million to a group headed by
Ernest Woodruff. Under his son, Robert W. Woodruff, Coca-Cola rapidly expanded its market. By the mid-1970s more than 150 million Cokes a day were sold in country all over the world.

Today Coca-Cola has to compete with many other soft drinks, but it is still one of the symbols of the United States.

Kazakh traditional dishes.15

The mode of life of people, traditional craft, interrelations. Customs and traditions are, perhaps, well comprehended through traditional dishes. The

methods of cooking, which the Kazakh people used were closely linked with the culture and mode of life. The table manners of nomads, filled with so many customs, rituals, special behavior find its place in our time. The strict nomadic life laws have created moral and ethic norm. The whole clan and tribe shared the joys and sorrows of life, any unexpected traveler was an honored guest. Any steppe inhabitant knew, that he was a welcome guest and had a right to his share. This steppe tradition was strictly observed and is still observed today by the host. Some time later this violation merited a sort of punishment. That explains why every host regarded the ritual of hospitality as sacred rule and welcomed guests warmly and with all attention and kindly saw them off with good wishes.

The main traditional dish of Kazakh is besbarmak. It is mostly served for the guests and eaten by hands (bes barmak – means five finger).
Besbarmak is usually cooked of fat mutton and parts of smoked horse meat and horse delicacies like kazy and shyzhyk. The meat is boiled and separately is boiled thin paste. Boiled parts of meat are put on the paste and spiced with a special flavoring called tuzduk. As the custom demands the host serves the meal in special crockey – tabak. The bas-tabak, which is placed before the most honourable guests is used to serve the mutton head, zhambas, horse meat delicacy and other fatty parts. The esteemed guest (usually the oldest one) cuts bit and part from the head and offers them to the other guests at the table. The secret of distribution of parts of the meat from the head lies in traditional wishes. When given the palate, it expresses the wish – “be wise and eloquent”, the larynx – a gift to sing, skin of forehead – “be the first among equals”. Meanwhile one or two dzhigits (young man), sitting next to the esteemed guest start cutting the boiled parts of meat to pieces and the dish is again spiced with tuzdyk. The guests are offered to help themselves to the dish. The youth and children usually sit at sides of the table dastarkhan. They receive meat directly

from the elders. The custom is called asatu and symbolized the desire of the youth to experience the long and good life the elders have experienced.
When all the meat and sorpa ( soup with large fat content) have been eaten and drank, the most respected guest thanks the hostess on behalf of all the guests and blesses the hosts of that house.

In our days the main features of this old ritual and table etiquette exist, are carefully kept, followed and passes to their traditions.

Food is Symbolic.16

Throughout history, food has been used as a symbol of wealth or gratitude, or to demonstrate position and power. In some cultures, eating lavish and exotic meals is a sign of wealth and power, whereas eating only the basic foods is a of sign belonging to a more common class. In some cultures, the offer of a glass of cool, clean water is the greatest compliment or honor one can receive. In some cultures, whenever you receive s guest, whether for business or pleasure, you must offer them something to eat or drink: the more lavish the offering signifies the amount of respect or honor you give that person. Diet is not a consideration.

For centuries, food has been a key element in religious rituals. Food was used as offering to the gods and their high priests and priestesses.
Food has been considered a form of tithing to a church or religious sect.
Certain foods such as lamp, bread, and bitter herbs are religious symbols in some ceremonies.

The sharing of food demonstrates acceptance, friendship, family, and love. To be invited to “break bread” with a family, in many cultures shows respect and is a sign of friendship and acceptance. Literature is full of examples of lovers using food to show their devotion and respect foe each other: one of the most famous being the line from the Rubaiyal of Omar
Khayyam, “ A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread – and Thou…” in the West, chocolate and sweets have long been a symbolic exchange of affection between lovers. So, why do we eat the things we do? First, let’s established that not everything we like to meat is all that good for us, unfortunately. For example, there is much debate over the value of chocolate – yes, it does have some redeeming qualities aside from just tasting wonderful.

Food as a Fad or Cult.17

Food has often found a niche for itself in popular culture. Eating or entertaining with certain foods has often been a fad or cult. Whichever group you associate with or aspire to be like will dictate which fad you follow. For example, in the late “70s and 80s in the U.S., salads were the
“in” food for the yuppie crowd (the young, upwardly-mobile group). Salad bars (restaurants where salad is the primary food) sprang up everywhere.
There were so many types of salads, garnishes, and salad dressings that were invented, it was impossible to keep up with them all.

Of course many people ate salads because they were on diets. Thin was
“in” and so everyone who was “in” or aspiring to be “in” wanted to lose weight. Actually, throughout most of the ’80s and 90s there has been an obsession with dieting. Now, however, dieting is not a politically correct word. There are so many schemes and foods out in the stores for people to use lose weight; there are even substances that promise if you take them you can eat all you want and still lose weight.

Aside form diets and salads, there are the foods that people eat because their favorite athlete, musician, or actor eats that brand or kind for food. The cultural icons over the last several years have been exploited to promote the sale of different foods or food substitutes. Whatever Michael
Jordan, Mel Gibson, or Oprah Winfrey drink and eat, the ardent fans, wannabes and admirers worldwide try to eat and drink. People don’t always pay attention to how truly nutritious something is; if the in-crowed or the cultural icon they aspire to be like eat it, they will get it. Pop culture is a powerful force.

Food is the Staff of life.18

Regardless of how you view food, you need it to live. You need the right kinds of food in the right amounts to have a healthy life. Your needs for different kinds of food change as grow and mature. Everyone needs the three key nutrients that provide the body with energy and the necessary building blocks: carbohydrates (sugar and starch), fat, and protein. Unfortunately, in our world today, not every one has access to all of these all the time.
World hanger is a global problem that needs to be addressed by all nations.

The right type and kind of foods the body needs to grow, develop, and stay healthy are not known by everyone. A good, daily, balanced diet is key to a healthy life. Do you have a balanced diet? Do you know what you eat every

day? Why do you think you eat the foods you eat? Eating the right food everyday not only nourishes our bodies, but it also nourishes our spirits, our creativity and thinking, and our language and interaction with other people.

What Counts as a serving?19

The amount of food that counts as a serving is listed. If you eat a large portion, count it as more than one serving. For example, Ѕ cup of cooked pasta counts as one serving in the bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group. If you eat 1 cup of pasta that would be 2 servings. If you eat less than Ѕ cup, count it as part of a serving.

For mixed foods, do the best you can to decide the food groups and to estimate the servings of the main ingredients. Pizza would count in the
Bread Group (crust), the Milk Group (cheese), and the Vegetable Group
(tomato). Beef stew would count in the Meat Group and Vegetable Group.

Plan a healthy Diet

Using the food Guide Pyramid and “What Counts as a Serving?” plan a full day’s diet that contains the recommended number of servings for each food group. Be sure that the meals you create are ones you would actually eat.

Food Items How Number of Total number

Much servings of serving

Food Guide Pyramid.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Guide Pyramid is an outline for making daily food choices for a healthful diet. Researchers now know that eating a healthful diet reduces the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, certain cancers, and the most common type of diabetes.

The pyramid shape is related to the recommended daily amounts of food from each of five major groups and from a sixth grouping of “extras”. Most people should eat more servings of foods from groups closer to the base and fewer servings of food from groups closer to the trip.

For good health you need foods from the five major food groups shown in the Food Guide Pyramid. At the base of the Pyramid is the Bread Group, which includes bread, cereal, rice, and paste. On the next level are the
Vegetable Group – including yellow, root, and green leafy vegetables – and the Fruit Group. On the third level are the Milk Group – which includes milk, yogurt, and cheese – and the Meat Group, which includes meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts. The sixth grouping – Fats, Oils, and Sweets – is shown at the tip of the Pyramid; these extras are grouped together because they each should be used sparingly.

The knowledge of this theme “Food” makes these practical and theoretical valuable for those who wanted to grow thin or to grow fat.

Also material of this report is incased knowledge and enriched this theme. It is the help for English teachers and students who want to know more than they have in their books.

Bibliography

. The magazine “Forum” volume 36 number 4 Oct-Dec 1998
. The book “Brush your English” E.D. Mihailova and A.Y. Romanovich, Moscow.

2001
. The book “ 1000 English topics” V. Kaverina and V. Boiko, Moscow, 2000
. The book “ Happy English reader”
. The book “American Studies” V.M. Pavlotskei, St. Peterburg, 1997
. The book “The USA history and the present” L. Khalilova, 1999
. The book “Kazakh in brief” G.H. Molkha, Astana
. The book “English for students” I.A. Klapalchenko, Mpscow, 1997
.

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[1] From the magazine “Forum”.

[2] From the magazine “Forum”.

[3] From the magazine “Forum”.
[4] From the magazine “Forum”.

[5] From the magazine “Forum”.

[6] From the magazine “Forum”.

[7] From the magazine “English”.
[8] From the book “Brush up your English” E. D. Mihailova and A. Y.
Romanovich
[9] From the book “100 English topics” Kaverina V. And Boiko V.

[10] From the site “www. English for everyone.ru”

11 From the book “Happy English reader”

12 From the book “ American Studies” Pavlotskei V. M. , St. Petersburg,
1997
[11] From the book “ The USA history and the present” L. Khalilova

[12] From the book “The USA history and the present” L. Khalilova

14 From the book “The USA history and the present” L. Khalilova.

15 From the book “Kazakhstan in brief” G. H. Molkha, Astana, 2002.
16 From the magazine “English”.

17 From the magazine “forum”.
18 From the book “English for students” I. A. Klepalchenko.

19 From the magazine “Forum”

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Food